tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24860771090541549992024-03-13T12:55:44.131-07:00Lusher Life NutritionTaking you into health through nutritionLouise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.comBlogger57125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-31228995790418762152023-09-07T10:30:00.000-07:002023-09-07T10:30:18.391-07:00 Tummy Troubles and Air Travel<p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> Tummy Troubles and Air Travel</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">A life of travel feels exciting, with many of us dreaming of taking to the skies for a new adventure. When you need to consider the behaviour of your digestive system, it might not always be straightforward to hop on a plane to escape life for a while. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> As a celiac with Crohn's disease, I have discovered some golden nuggets which may make travel easier. Unfortunately, this can so often feel like a challenging time. One of the obvious difficulties I have faced in the past is bowel incontinence. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">En route to ‘air side’ at Gatwick airport, I was travelling with my daughter to Montenegro to review the gluten-free food at a new hotel in Ulcinj. She frequently comes along as an assistant for work reasons and to help me if my health is problematic. Generally, I know my triggers, and can frequently limit symptoms, but this is never a perfect rule. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be completely unpredictable when symptoms occur and no matter what you do, there will be times when you feel unwell or become incontinent. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">On this day, I hadn’t eaten and limited my fluids to mint tea. I had my fingers crossed. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> Jasmine and I sat close to the toilets as the airport got busier. We watched people walk past us, fast enough to create a draught, with stress magnetising their eyebrows together. Excitement made my heart beat a little faster. I was excited to sit and write on a plane, with no distractions from my iPhone. I had just dialled the number to switch off my voicemail when I felt a familiar pain in the lower part of my tummy. I glanced to my right and must have given Jasmine a look that told her all she needed to know.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> “Ok? Mum?” She asked at the same time as reaching down to pick up the bags which were at our feet. I already had my hands full, and my feet planted firmly on the ground as my legs took the weight of my body. The pain wasn’t quite at its peak as I walked to the toilet as fast as I could without running. I didn’t make it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">From behind the locked door, I heard, “Mum?” with slight tension in Jasmine’s voice.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">“I’ll text you.” <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">‘Please go to Boots, get pads, Imodium instants*, baby wipes and water.’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Panic then ran through my mind. Should I cancel the flight? How would I be able to fly? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">An hour later, I was kitted out. And hopeful. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">One foot inside the plane and I spoke to one of the staff, asking if I was able to use the toilet if needed. He informed me, without judgement or being quizzed, that I was able to use the facilities until take-off, and then again after the seatbelt light was switched off. I had an aisle seat, so that was useful. I have always booked an aisle seat since. And I also book special assistance, through a simple phone call to the tour operator. Frequently, the airport staff (especially abroad) think you automatically need a wheelchair. Sometimes, that can be useful if fatigue is a symptom, but often you might prefer to walk if you can. Now, the airports are giving out sunflower lanyards for you to flash to the staff, who will generally offer you a wheelchair. Sadly, there is a way to go for communicating the needs of people with IBD in the travel industry, but special assistance is available (and useful) if you find standing in a queue difficult. You will be able to board first and get off the plane last. This ensures less time in queues, and more time closer to a toilet. It isn’t perfect, but it does go some way to help you enjoy the freedom of travel. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> If you need to take medication with you, check the details of the storage needs of it, and if you will need to take permission letters from your healthcare provider. At the other end, you might need a fridge. If it isn’t obvious to find out if the room has a fridge, try a google search, or phone the hotel directly. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">If you need extra hand luggage allowances, due to your health, the same phone call you make to book special assistance will also allow you to ask questions about extra hand luggage allowances. Most airlines will organise this for free. You will also be able to book seats with a member of your party for free, under special assistance booking. Don’t forget to be very clear on dietary requirements. They can organise this, but you will need to plan in advance. I had a mishap en route to Mexico several years ago and nothing gluten-free was available. I had phoned the airline, but I had no confirmation and somewhere, the message had got lost. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">I was a little hungry, and enjoyed my all-inclusive buffet upon arrival, right before booking a meeting with the executive chef to discuss my food needs. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">*Medications mentioned here are not recommended without you speaking to your healthcare provider. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-17992050193971351652023-01-03T05:15:00.005-08:002023-08-09T06:57:18.694-07:00The health benefits of food journalling. <p> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Auld Lang Syne echoes into the distance and promises of new beginnings peep through like crocuses.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">“This year will be my year.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">“Things are going to be different.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Blessed with wellness or not, the new year is when many of us put new pressures on ourselves to improve things. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Focus and intention are good things, it’s true. But added stress can play nasty games with the human body. So what is the best way to ensure new habits are good, and leave the accompanying negativity knocking on the closed door from 2022?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Take control</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Empowerment is a sure way to have you feeling more confident, and it secretly encourages you to believe you can make life better. Writing things down always makes you feel better, we know this. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">If you journal, the stream-of-consciousness thinking seems to feel ‘shared’ on the page as if you have told an imaginary friend your innermost thoughts; with the confidence of knowing their lips are sealed. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">If you write a ‘to-do’ list, you can see what you have achieved with every tick, and see what you still need to do.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">If you track your eating, you have a list in front of you which gives you a sense of knowing if you are snacking out of control or if you are hitting your intentions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">How about trying to put some of these things together?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">There are many free apps on the market to keep a track of food and exercise, but we need more than that if we have health conditions to consider. We know our bodies better than most people, and we know that we have certain triggers. The unpredictability of bowel habits can seem nonsensical at times, which leads to frustration. Occasionally, you may be able to pinpoint some triggers, lowering the frequency of the elusive reasons for symptoms. It can be easy to feel a low vibe motivationally when discussing bowel symptoms from IBD or IBS because there are times when you just won’t know the answer why. <i>It seems unfair</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">This is where journaling can help you release some feelings onto paper and potentially encourage you to write about aspects of life which you might not otherwise address.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">To help consider food triggers, food diaries will be the best place to start. Yet, the same food may have a different effect if you eat it while feeling stressed, to eating it while you are calmer. Do you ever fancy eating differently, simply because the weather outside is changing?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Summer may bring a flavoursome salad while winter is all about slurping steaming soups. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Your body sometimes does things to give you subliminal feelings, which can go unnoticed. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The best way of making yourself aware, is to keep that food journal but add in some bonus material for your bowel.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Write what you have eaten.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Add water consumption.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Draw up a scale to record your feelings or mood.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Have you undertaken any movement or exercise?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">How are your stress levels?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Record how many hours you have slept.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Is meditation your thing? Pop that in the list too. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Are you trying new supplements? <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ladies can add their menstrual cycles.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Describe your bowel movements (pain, loose, constipation, bleeding, mucus)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Complete a couple of paragraphs of thoughts and feelings. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Gaining some control over your life can begin with focusing on what your body is telling you. Life can be very busy, and we feel we are being rolled along on a conveyor belt. Taking a little time each day to record how you feel, paying attention to changes and if they affect how your body feels, and reflecting on any patterns which form, can help you feel more empowered with your symptoms. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">New years resolutions? Or new practice resolutions? Let’s take the pressure off ourselves and enjoy getting a little creative with our journals. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">My tip: Personally, I prefer to use a blank notebook and draw out what I want inside. That might be little squares to fill a number in on my happiness scale or a bullet list of what my mental health was like on a given day. When I create journal writing, I free-flow my thoughts. We will dig deeper into this in another post. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">For me, the art of spending a little time creatively can mean a difference in my mood, which gives me more power to experience a better feeling day. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgcnhCVN_mGiXm2mCzTnSWwmp_RhAo2eQbbA0a7fxCcsKv6UHtLHy_ngXU7j4btY2ORi_KD_hhH3AZj7pFKpIjRpxQTvf_5ezox1zUrYYkaBemJe4zuygl2SXOsyR05N99l2HCHpt6nFcWcguuJPEA1vvaFuNanLlNXuu-cG-bm2PeKsH4mu0GsNCiZ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgcnhCVN_mGiXm2mCzTnSWwmp_RhAo2eQbbA0a7fxCcsKv6UHtLHy_ngXU7j4btY2ORi_KD_hhH3AZj7pFKpIjRpxQTvf_5ezox1zUrYYkaBemJe4zuygl2SXOsyR05N99l2HCHpt6nFcWcguuJPEA1vvaFuNanLlNXuu-cG-bm2PeKsH4mu0GsNCiZ=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Need some help with </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">your health goals? Find out more <a href="https://lusherlifenutrition.blogspot.com/p/public-speaking-training-and-corporate.html">here</a>.</span></p>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-25431204020730751082022-01-06T21:46:00.001-08:002023-08-09T06:57:34.661-07:00Adipose tissue and inflammation<span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions. More than 50% of the population is overweight. This poses a major public health risk as obesity is a major risk factor for chronic disease. Cardio vascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mellitus, cancer, non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Hypertension (HTN), dislipidemia are all such risks associated with obesity.<br />
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Body composition is a good indicator of metabolic health. Yet body mass index is less so as weight does not account for the percentage of body fat.<br />
Obesity is caused by energy intake being greater than energy expenditure. With weight gain, decreased insulin sensitivity is detected and weight loss shows increased insulin sensitivity. <br />
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Metabolically healthy is defined as the absence of T2DM, HTN, dislipidemia. 10-25% of obese individuals are considered metabolically healthy. Kloting et al., (2010) assessed insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy individuals yet those who were insulin resistant (IR) had a higher fasting plasma glucose, fasting triglycerides and higher fasting HDL.<br />
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Goossens et al., (2011) noted that obesity shows fat cell enlargement and is related to IR and T2DM. Showing this is an independent marker of IR, it does predict T2DM.<br />
Obesity causes Hypertropic adipocytes which gives altered adipokine secretion by the adipose tissue. The release of cytokines has an effect on the cells around them. These cell signalling proteins such as Leptin and interleukin-6 are altered. Hypertropic adipocytes are already overloaded with stored triglycerides. Lipids can spill over into the circulation, affecting the liver, heart, skeletal muscle.<br />
Macrophages increase in percentage in adipose tissue when those obese individuals are IR compared to those obese only. Therefore the size of the fat cell is important. As liposuction does not have an effect on the rate of IR, we know it is not the quantity of adipose tissue rather the size of the adipocytes.<br />
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Adipose tissue is known to secrete a large number of proteins which regulate metabolism, energy intake and fat storage. Activation of the (adaptive) immune system is considered the primary event of adipose tissue inflammation. It occurs before the hypertrophy of adipocytes and has been shown to play a major role in the recruitment and activation of macrophages (Stolarczyk, 2017.) Currently the activation of macrophages is thought to be a metabolic and immune process.<br />
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Obesity can induce systemic oxidative stress through oxidative phosphorylation. Causing low antioxidant defence, chronic inflammation and hyperleptinemia. Weight reduction decreases oxidation markers, endothelial disfunction and impaired mitochondrial disfunction (Manna, 2015).<br />
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Trayhurt and Wood, (2004), asked what triggers hypertrophic adipocytes. They discussed the hypoxia hypothesis which showed the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) isn't sufficient in adipose tissue therefore the tissue will be oxygen deficit. This study in rats was proven yet not quite so conclusive yet in humans. <br />
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-56529327063522278512020-05-06T02:40:00.001-07:002023-08-09T06:57:47.106-07:00Can you reverse type 2 diabetes?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
My opinion is, as always, it very much depends on the patient. What we do know is that health can be affected by diet and lifestyle and type 2 diabetes is definitely a big player in that hypothesis. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
I found this video and really wanted to share it. Personally, I would recommend keeping an eye on your blood glucose levels as it's easy to do, inexpensive and a key to better health if you are bordering on unhealthy blood glucose levels. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Some patients will be in a pre-diabetic state long before they head into the diabetes threshold and this is the crucial time when you could potentially lower blood glucose levels. I will speak more in depth about this on an other blog post (make sure you subscribe for the updates) but watch the video and make up your own mind. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
We will, as always on this website, share some science data so you can clearly see the people who beleive they have reversed type 2 diabetes. But you can always lower your blood glucose levels unless you have type 1 diabetes which is a totally different case. I'll also write in another post about the difference between type 1 and type 2.</div>
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<br />
<br />
<a href="https://amzn.to/2P7MVn4" target="_blank">Blood glucose monitoring</a> kits are inexpensive and easy to use.<br />
<br />
Feel free to let me know your thoughts by <a href="mailto:lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com">emailing here</a>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-10091438634320759402020-04-21T12:28:00.001-07:002023-08-09T06:57:58.963-07:00Public Health England re-issues advice on vitamin D as Government response to Covid 19<span style="font-size: large;">Today, Public Health England (PHE) has re-issued <i>existing</i> advice on the NHS UK website.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Within this advice, PHE has made it clear that this is not in relation to preventing Covid-19 but due to the role vitamin D has always played in the optimum health of bones and muscle. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q9UXfdHyrZM/XonVUvg7RlI/AAAAAAAAe2o/VUBdF3WjYUkVvFLIV3BT13PglRUU5lswgCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/FB01DA3C-5617-4FD6-A762-F7595FEA450F.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1102" data-original-width="735" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q9UXfdHyrZM/XonVUvg7RlI/AAAAAAAAe2o/VUBdF3WjYUkVvFLIV3BT13PglRUU5lswgCPcBGAYYCw/s320/FB01DA3C-5617-4FD6-A762-F7595FEA450F.png" width="213" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">As we are staying at home following Government advice, many people will be indoors for the majority of the day. This is a time of year within the UK when we begin to get vitamin D from sunlight. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The body creates vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight during spring and summer. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Public health advice suggests if you are not outdoors at this time, you should consider supplementing with 10micrograms of vitamin D. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">They were clear to state on the NHS website that the advice is not in relation to preventing Covid 19.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Vitamin D supplements can be <a href="https://amzn.to/2XQuQ3P" target="_blank">bought</a> at most pharmacies and supermarkets and the PHE is advising not to buy more than is needed. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The advice statements can be found at:</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-family: arial, "helvetica neue", helvetica, sans-serif;" /><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/" style="color: #007a33; font-family: arial, "helvetica neue", helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/</a><br style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-family: arial, "helvetica neue", helvetica, sans-serif;" /><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/" style="color: #007a33; font-family: arial, "helvetica neue", helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/</a><br style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-family: arial, "helvetica neue", helvetica, sans-serif;" /><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/advice-for-people-at-high-risk/" style="color: #007a33; font-family: arial, "helvetica neue", helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/advice-for-people-at-high-risk/</a><br style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-family: arial, "helvetica neue", helvetica, sans-serif;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The website is highlighted in yellow to point out that there is no evidence that the risk of coronavirus can be reduced with vitamin D. Even though there have been some reports about it. </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32);">(see the video within this link </span></span><a href="https://lusherlifenutrition.blogspot.com/2020/04/dr-bergs-take-on-vitamin-d-and.html">https://lusherlifenutrition.blogspot.com/2020/04/dr-bergs-take-on-vitamin-d-and.html</a> )<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Listed on the NHS website are the risks for taking too much vitamin D and when to seek medical advice in relation to taking the supplement.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-72405520707661846872020-04-05T06:14:00.000-07:002020-04-05T06:14:16.444-07:00Dr Berg’s ‘take’ on vitamin D and the Coronavirus <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ZRwts0iztVs/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZRwts0iztVs?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">For several years I have watched Dr Bergs’ YouTube videos and my opinion is he talks a lot of sense.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Currently, the pandemic climate is victim to many hypothesise being flaunted to the public and as a registered nutritionist, I feel ill equipped to try and share another. So I won’t.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">However, one thing we do know is that a healthy immune system is paramount in all health related matters. And one thing we can all try to do during lockdown is to improve immunity. Something which can have a pretty fast effect on the immunology of the world is food, Including <a href="https://lusherlifenutrition.blogspot.com/2018/05/vitamin-d-and-fortification-of-milk.html?m=1" target="_blank">vitamin D </a>(which in the UK we can now also get from the sun as its availability is April-October due to how close we are to the sun). </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Have a look at dr bergs videos, make up your own mind. Possibly try and improve health at this time when you can cook properly, sleep better, chose wiser foods. If not now, then when?</span><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q9UXfdHyrZM/XonVUvg7RlI/AAAAAAAAe2k/9-lzgSrLdecrnJ7VdZbnLntsxNW53LGlgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/FB01DA3C-5617-4FD6-A762-F7595FEA450F.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1102" data-original-width="735" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q9UXfdHyrZM/XonVUvg7RlI/AAAAAAAAe2k/9-lzgSrLdecrnJ7VdZbnLntsxNW53LGlgCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/FB01DA3C-5617-4FD6-A762-F7595FEA450F.png" width="213" /></a></div>
<br />Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-27372687144565471482018-09-27T00:10:00.001-07:002023-08-09T06:58:13.664-07:00Barkers Hypothesis<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16.0pt;">Critical review of the
foetal origin of disease hypothesis <o:p></o:p></span></u></b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 12.0pt;">Louise Usher<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">David Barker CBE, born 1938, was a physician and epidemiologist.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Prior to his death in August 2013 saw him argue the next generation do
not have to suffer from diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Rather
that the diseases are not mandated by the human genome.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">As such diseases were not in
existence 100 years ago to the levels of the turn of the millennium, Barker
hypothesised we could prevent them should we have the will to do so.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">During Barkers position in 1984 was director of Medical Research Council
Environmental Epidemiology Unit (now renamed MRC Lifecourse epidemiology unit),
he began to observe maps of the UK. Each county in 1910 and 1920 showed
mortality rates of neonatal and post-natal correlated to 60 and 70 years later
a higher death rate from coronary</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> heart</span></span><span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> disease.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Barker began at this stage to suggest an adverse environment within the
uterus may mean chronic disease later in life. (Hanson., 2015)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">2006 saw him awarded a CBE for his work. (Pincock., 2013)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Barkers hypothesis proposed in 1990 that low birth weight, premature
birth and intra uterine growth retardation have a causal relationship to the
origins of non-insulin dependent diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart
disease in middle age.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">A
historical cohort study saw the hypothesis as it was derived. Significantly, an
association of hypertension and coronary heart disease in middle age and low
birth weight, along with premature birth was ascertained as an association.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">(Hanson., 2015)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Socio-economic status has a bearing on the support of the hypothesis.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Evidence from low income counties
sees low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation highly prevalent and
therefore could not support this study for fear of skewed results.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">In conjunction, hypertension and
coronary heart disease are less prevalent by a significant number than in
higher income countries.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> (Barker., 1986)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Barker presents the evidence within his book Fetal and infant Origins of
Adult Disease (1992) </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<br /></div>
<div class="p2">
<br /></div>
<div class="p3">
<span class="s1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">* * * * * * *</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p3">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Universally
it is known and accepted a malnourished mother will give birth to low
birthweight babies (Hales et al., 2001).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As the babies mature into children often they are further undernourished
(Rayhan and Khan., 2006).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">The
cycle of poor nutrition leads to cognitive and health issues. Hence maternal
malnutrition needs to be prevented (Paneth and Susser., 1995).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">The
prevalence of adult onset hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been
linked to a slow rate of growth in years 2-3 of childhood (Rosenbloom et al.,
1999). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Seemingly
there is much evidence to support Barker in his hypothesis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, he does not explore further into the
possible other causes, for example, should a mother carry a bigger baby due to gestational
diabetes, could this be a preventative for the future of the child? Possibilities
are endless yet not explored currently under the hypothesis. What might make
the fetus a larger born child that might have a preventative effect on the
later life of the adult?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, the
reverse may be true. Would something to cause a lower birth weight baby cause
them to be more prone to chronic disease later in life?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">The Thrifty phenotype hypothesis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Hales
and Barker studied the associations of increased risk of impaired glucose
tolerance and the metabolic syndrome in 2001 in the Thrifty phenotype
hypothesis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Epidemiological
findings are concurrent across ethnic group and populations (Hales and Barker.,
2001).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Validity of these findings is
therefore widely accepted as a general rule.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Debating the extent of the underlying causes posed the question of the
mechanisms of causal agents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was this
genetic or environmental?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Rarely,
genetic causes of insulin secretion are found in association with poor fetal
growth yet as insulin is a major fetal growth hormone this is a difficult
position to prove.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While changes in
glucose metabolism may be linked to genetic polymorphisms yet this will be less
conclusive than the association with lower birth weights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every human characteristic may possibly be
suggesting within Hales and Barkers paper that type 2 diabetes mellitus resides
within a mix of both genetic and environmental.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Leaving the question if a genetically disposed fetus might overcome the
risk factors slightly should the environmental situation be more favorable. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">This
hypothesis proposes that indeed environmental factors are a dominant cause of
type 2 diabetes mellitus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other
influences have a part to play of course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Maternal and placental factors may lead to poor fetal nutrition <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">(Muthayya,
S., 2009) which gives rise to the under development of pancreatic beta cell
mass (Garofano et al., 1998).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The islets
of Langerhans vasculature may be compromised in these fetus’ according to
Nielsen et al (1999), which will contribute as a key element to later life type
2 diabetes mellitus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Should
an individual continue to be poorly nourished as they grow, therefore remaining
thin, the insulin secretion functional capability and capacity would not be a detrimental
factor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Typically,
within these findings, Barker and Hales concluded that fetal malnutrition led
to insulin resistance. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Glucose
intolerance would be triggered by obesity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Calories imbalanced as the individual had a lower calorie expenditure,
higher calorie intake and therefore gained weight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Genes were accepted within this paper to play
a part in type 2 diabetes mellitus development yet was encouraged to consider
fetal growth and development. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Below,
figure 1 shows 64-year-old men given a ratio for risk of development of
impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Figure 2 shows metabolic syndrome. However, an age is not stated so the
tables are difficult to compare with the differing types of diagnoses. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Figure
3 gives a clear indication of the pathway Hales and Barker were considering for
the development of the metabolic syndrome within the Thrifty phenotype.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Conclusions
stated within this paper ascertained the genetic versus environmental factors
were conclusive towards determining growth and development of type 2 diabetes
mellitus and metabolic syndrome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within
the conclusion Hales and Barker mention the use of identical twins with the
respect to conclusively showing the importance of fetal environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, this does not state in what way.
Could future work lead a study considering twins of equal nutritional status in
utero and yet contrasting environment to discover the development of type 2
diabetes or metabolic syndrome in later life? Hales and Barker finalized with a
statement that this is a stage to consider their finding as a useful framework
for further study.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Syndrome X<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">1993
saw Barker et al conducting studies to question the prevalence of syndrome x in
lower birthweight babies, shown in table 2. Syndrome X being the development of
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 407 British men from Hertfordshire were
born between 1920 and 1930.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Later
on, studies were performed to test the theory of correlation between lower birth
weight and the incidence of Syndrome X. In the town of Preston, UK, health
visitors recorded the weight of the males babies mentioned above. Between birth
and one year old, details of weights were accurately kept. As 64-year-old men,
revisited, these subjects who were of a birth weight of 6.5lbs or less showed a
significant 22% had been diagnosed with syndrome X.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Subjects with birthweights of more than
9.5lbs showed a ten times lower risk factor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">The
second study also carried out in Preston was both sexes. Between 1935 and 1943
(including the war years which may have a bearing on nutritional status of the
mothers), (Winter, JM, 1983). 266 subjects were also measured and the results
comparable of the original findings of Barker and Hales, (1993).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Confounding
variables such as smoking, alcohol consumption and socio-economic status was an
independent factor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Those
diagnosed later in life with syndrome x had small head circumferences noted and
eruption of teeth was later as seen in table 1. Barker and Hales stated confidentially
that syndrome x and type 2 diabetes have originated from the less favorable
conditions in utero. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Interestingly,
hypertension in adults rose by a mean of 15mmHg in systolic pressure as placental
weight read less than 1lb as measured in table 3. Those with greater placental
weight of 1.5lb saw a fall by 11mmHg of mean systolic pressure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Highest
blood pressures were recorded in small babies who were born alongside a larger
placenta. The adaptation of circulation may contribute to this finding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Barker and Hales (1993), state that
hypertension may be dependent on improving health and nutrition of
mothers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, with little evidence
except the facts of measuring and assessing later in life this seems a broad
statement of a fact.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Could those children catch up?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pampanini
et al, (2017) very recently carried a study on pregnant rats. Assessing of
intrauterine growth restriction (day 19 of gestation) would affect the
developments of the gonads in the fetal rats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Uterine artery ligation was performed on the postnatal rat testis.
Several offspring were killed at day 5, 20 and 40 after birth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this time, one gonad was preserved within
liquid nitrogen, processed for RNA and steroid extraction. The other, formalin
fixed for histology. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Hormones
testosterone, serum gonadotrophins and estradiol were measured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The control group had shown the growth
restricted rats had 30 genes dysregulated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">By
40 days post partum, the weights of the testis were beginning to catch up in comparison
to those at days 5 and 20.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Harper
et al (2015), explored the effect of food restriction in mice during early
pregnancy. The mice were subject to a 50% restriction of calorie intake from
day 1.5 to 11.5 of pregnancy. While placental weights were reduced, little
effect continued into adulthood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Liver
gene expression and reduction in adipose tissue (in males only) was demonstrated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Irreversible effects on the placenta into
adulthood was doubted. By day 18 global gene expression was non-remarkable compared
to the control group. This study saw the conclusion that alterations in the
placenta caused by restricting nutrients (it remains unclear which nutrients)
early on within pregnancy may in fact be reversible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bonel
et al (2010), blindly tested the apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC) of the
placenta in the paper </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diffusion-weighted MR imaging
of the placenta in fetuses with placental insufficiency. </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If
the fetus birthweight was predicted to be in the 10<sup>th</sup> percentile or
less, placental insufficiency was diagnosed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Interestingly, when a Doppler of the umbilical artery was performed,
abnormal findings were recorded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Conclusion of the results showed an accuracy of 99% that placental dysfunction
associated with growth restriction is associated with restricted diffusion and
reduced ADC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Early markers used ADC as
an indication of pregnancy complications such as intra uterine growth
retardation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet still, no causal factor
was examined as to the placental dysfunction. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Barker
stated in his research Fetal Origins of coronary heart disease (CHD), (1995),
active research needed to continue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Blood pressure, insulin response to glucose, cholesterol metabolism,
blood coagulation and hormonal setting are beginning to show something within
the underlying causal factors relating back to fetal undernutrition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What specific type of nutrition, we do not
know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also is this purely due to
calorific restrictions of more specific to nutrition intake and possibly bio
availability from mother to fetus? During mid to late gestation, fetal growth
seems to go some way to programming CHD later in life. Once again, placental
size comes into discussion within this paper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Relation of birth size to placenta affects the outcome of later
diseases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet within this paper, quality
of placenta is not assessed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Toxic exposures</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Rogers,
(2006) reviewed Barkers Hypothesis more recently in 2006. While this paper is
now dated, at the time Rogers stated new discoveries were suggestive of the
ability of toxic exposures to also impact fetal development. Post-natal and
during the intrauterine period, metabolic programming may be affected due to
sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous influences. Animal studies he looked at
showed low protein and high fat and high carbohydrate diets linked to adverse
metabolic profiles. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Later
still, Thomas (2012), began to look deeper into Barkers hypothesis as he
subjected individuals to an activity questionnaire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those with a greater activity level showed a
lower propensity for type 2 diabetes. This gives questionability to wondering
if there could be a reversal of type 2 diabetes and perhaps other chronic
diseases which may have been prevalent in this cohort yet with prior knowledge
and adjustment to lifestyle, could this effect be reversed and prevented from
development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Dutch famine<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">During
the Dutch famine (Roseboom,. 2006) in 1944-1945 some mothers were limited to a
low calorific diet of 400-1000 kcal/day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Within the mothers who were pregnant and their fetus’ endured famine
early on in its development were born with an atherogenic lipid profile and
higher body mass index.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Those
who were mid to late pregnancy while enduring the famine were more likely to be
impaired with relation to reduced glucose tolerance. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">What
causes such differences? This is something we currently do not know.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">However,
it is proven (Ong and Loos, 2006.,) rapid weight gain should not be promoted in
small birth weight babies as this can have a central obesity and insulin
resistant effect on health over time (Ibanez et al, 2006). Ibanez et al state
the importance of understanding the underlying predisposition of adversity
could aid preventative interventions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Is this evidence conclusive?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Many
scientific papers have looked at many numbers of people and aiming to prove or
disprove Barkers hypothesis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet most
seem to draw a similar conclusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fetal
development and low birth weights seems to link to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular
disease, hypertension, diabetes type 2 (non-insulin dependent), hyperinsulinemia
and hyperlipidemia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With even stronger
evidence showing large placenta linked to low birth weight may be more
suggestive. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Body
composition has not been broken down within the newborn babies to ascertain if
there may be an influential factor within the make-up of the body at this early
stage. Could adipose tissue perhaps be a higher percentage within malnourished
fetal growth? If so, might this give a casual factor to type 2 diabetes
mellitus, CHD and hypertension? Current studies show these chronic diseases contribute
to atherosclerosis, (Luehmann et al., 2017) leading to a further prevalence of
disease and fatality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Could body
composition be influenced by maternal diet in the fetus and early child?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Studies might be conducted with a simple test
of when a child holds its head up, suggesting early development of muscular
system, (Bri and Sabatier, 1986.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Watching these children into later life may be another opportunity for
further work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many studies leading this
research forward is of the utmost importance as Barker began to scratch the
surface of something revealing. Most studies in relation to this have agreed
with the hypothesis of development of chronic disease linked to lower birth
weight babies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However passionate Barker
appeared in relation to this research, was he perhaps also bias? Hoping to find
something deeper than he already had discovered does give way to a bias
although with many other respected scientists confirming Barkers hypothesis
goes some way to realising his claims. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Most
of Barkers early evidence was correlational.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Potential confounders were not addressed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Smoking cessation, alcohol, mothers
nutritional status all were not adjusted for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>How the baby was fed from birth was not considered as a factor while
evidence shows (Bonel et al, 2010.) the benefits of breastfeeding over other
means. During breastfeeding, should the mother be exposed to toxins, eat well, sleep
well and keep stress low?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Any of these
factors may contribute to the child and their body composition as well as
nutritional status. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">What
are the latent effects of such a hypothesis? How would the mother benefit from
being forced to eat a healthy diet while pregnant, would she comply, and would
she suffer psychological stress which may be passed on to the baby? (Lsarais et
al, 2006).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">To conclude<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Li
et al, (2017) have begun to go further into Barkers Hypothesis recently. Questioning
the chances of other factors becoming influential within this study. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">We
know that a developing female embryo will begin to lay down the foundations for
her own daughter within the ovaries as she starts very early in the embryonic
stages (Laraia et al, 2006.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore,
it could be suggested that the maternal mother in pregnancy may not only affect
her daughters health but that of a future grandchild. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Changes
in current food culture needs inspiration for change. Health at a population
level must become a priority as we head into the future as disease must turn
into a lower incidence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">As
a species, the health of our nation is currently being compromised worldwide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The effects of what todays expectant mother
subjects her baby to during pregnancy can quite clearly be seen to have an
impact on their long term health. Carrying a daughter will mean many years of
damage will be done which seemingly is very hard to undo. Over such a long period
of time, the nation will become sicker which puts a financial pressure on the economy
as we aim to try and fix these diseases and keep the public healthful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.0pt;">Barker
clearly highlighted an amazing and conclusive subject. Yet without further work
and of course education to the mothers for them to see the levels of which they
are able to influence the future of the health of the nation, the chances of
change are very limited. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While this
sounds bleak, developed countries are becoming more aware of choices of
lifestyle affecting them in their day to day lives. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US">Bibliography<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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M., 2015. The birth and future health of DOHaD. </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Journal of developmental origins of health and
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manipulations in the daily life of Bambara babies (Mali).<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">International Journal of Behavioral Development</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(4),
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<tbody><tr><td><input name="on0" type="hidden" value="Choices of sessions" />Choices of sessions</td></tr><tr><td><select name="os0">
<option value="one to one coaching">one to one coaching £249.00 GBP</option>
<option value="follow up session">follow up session £199.00 GBP</option>
<option value="set of 4 sessions">set of 4 sessions £950.00 GBP</option>
<option value="Questions via email only">Questions via email only £85.00 GBP</option>
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<br />Email to book: <a href="mailto:lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com">lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com</a></form>
Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-39466820822239955522018-05-30T00:46:00.002-07:002018-05-30T00:47:24.879-07:00Probiotics and microbiota<span style="font-size: large;">With yesterday as <a href="http://www.worldgastroenterology.org/wgo-foundation/wdhd" target="_blank">World digestive health day</a> , this is a great time to talk about gut health and the impact it can have within many areas of our biology.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"> My research has taught me more about the importance of <a href="https://shop.foreverliving.com/retail/shop/shopping.do?task=viewProductDetail&itemCode=222" target="_blank">probiotics</a> than I already knew.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Microbiota is the name given to the microbe population living in our intestine. Making up 90% of our cells! Containing <a href="https://youtu.be/IDqMB6C1uys" target="_blank">100s of trillions</a> of microorganisms including at least 5000 different species of bacteria. The microbiota are important in nutrition, immunity and the brain. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The Microbiome is the combined genetic microorganisms in a particular environment.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Millions of years of co-evolution have moulded this human microorganism interaction into a symbiotic relationship where the gut bacteria contribute essentially to human nutrient metabolism and in return occupy a nutrient rich environment.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Children born vaginally get much needed microbes as they pass through the vaginal canal from the mother. Yet those who are born by cesarian section tend to suffer more with asthma, allergies and leukaemia, (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110651/" target="_blank">Neu, 2011</a>.) Breast fed children have an intake of sugars containing sialic acid which promotes infant growth through healthy microbiome, (<a href="https://www.nestlenutrition-institute.org/news/article/2016/11/02/breast-milk-sugars-promote-healthy-infant-growth-through-gut-microbiome" target="_blank">Nestle Nutrition Insitiute</a>), due to feeding the microbes.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Seratoin production is thought to be produced to the massive quantities of <a href="https://youtu.be/6xgY1U6NFgU" target="_blank">90%</a> within the gut, (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393509/" target="_blank">Yano</a> et al., 2015) which gives evidence to show those with altered microbiome will suffer further with depression and mental health issues, (E<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662178/" target="_blank">vrensel and Ceylan, 2015</a>). A major role is played by the gut microbiome in bidirectional communication between the gut and brain. The Brain - gut axis communicates its systems between the Central Nervous System and Gastero Intestinal Tract, (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065216415000027" target="_blank">Burokas, 2015</a>.) As Burokas published in Science Direct, the gut microbiota can be a key regulator of mood, cognition, pain and obesity.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The immune cells are stimulated by a population of microbiota. Those with impaired microbiome shows dendritic cells are reduced in the ability to stimulate pro inflammatory <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/108/Supplement_1/4615.short" target="_blank">T cell responses</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced in the gut and this aids the body immune systems and metabolic functions. When dietary fibre is fermented in the colon, short chain fatty acids are produced. They have many physiological roles in body functions. Butyrate is important for colon health and is a SCFA which arises from the bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre. Produced by the probiotics, Butyrate is an important food for the cells lining the colon (colonocytes). Increasing the energy production and cell proliferation, there may be a protective element against colon cancer. The colonic inflammatory response if mediated by the presence of Butyrate. 70% of the energy needed for colonocytes is provided by this SCFA. It is beleived there is a preventative and therapeutic potential to counteract inflammation mediated ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by the increase of modulation of the immune response and inhibiting tumour genesis.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://ocw.tufts.edu/Content/47/lecturenotes/531592/531613" target="_blank">Non starch polysaccharides </a> feed the microbiome. Contributing to the host digestion (us).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4NxCLbMKszc/WvhXiLvZ9bI/AAAAAAAAagU/mOYdwEyx8z8yOhrckPKMWQb396AOcegSgCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-05-13%2Bat%2B16.17.13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="http://bonvictor.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/therapeutic-food-polysaccharides.html" border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="844" height="176" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4NxCLbMKszc/WvhXiLvZ9bI/AAAAAAAAagU/mOYdwEyx8z8yOhrckPKMWQb396AOcegSgCLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-05-13%2Bat%2B16.17.13.png" title="http://bonvictor.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/therapeutic-food-polysaccharides.html" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://bonvictor.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/therapeutic-food-polysaccharides.html"><span style="font-size: large;">http://bonvictor.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/therapeutic-food-polysaccharides.html</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;">Polyphenols are phytochemical fund in vegetables, legumes, chocolate, cranberries and green tea. The consumption of these carries a reduced risk of chronic disease. The low absorption rate in the upper gasteroinstestinal tract will benefit the colon. Once the microflora break them down, they may change into <a href="http://now.tufts.edu/articles/microbiome" target="_blank">bacteria themselves</a> and possibly play a prebiotic role to modify the microbiota favourably.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Wu et al, (2011) studied the long term diet and the association with the microbiome. Gut health is important. As 70% of the immune system is in the gut, we need to know the factors affecting the microbiome. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">The largest affect is the host species, body mass, age, lifestyle and smoking.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Medium affecters: Antibiotic use</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Medium-small: Drugs, exercise, genetics, pet co-habitation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Small affect: Short term dietary intervention.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Can a daily <a href="https://shop.foreverliving.com/retail/shop/shopping.do?task=viewProductDetail&itemCode=222" target="_blank">supplement</a> help? I would say the best bet is to take one, while the stomach acid is quiet (IE not before or after food but about 2 hours either side) and definitely without adding any hot drinks. Heat will kill the important bacteria within the supplement. Try it, you might be surprised how amazing you feel. </span></div>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-83203071099080260872018-05-13T23:45:00.000-07:002018-05-13T23:45:00.954-07:00Vitamin D and the fortification of milk1941 saw the exposure of solar exposure and cancer risk. Later studies found associations with low vitamin D levels associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune issues such as inflammatory bowel disease, MS and animal studies supported low vitamin D causing increased inflammation and cancer.<br />
<br />
Adequate levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin d (OHD25) is considered a level of about 50nmol/L at the end of winter and 10-20nmol/L higher at the end of summer. The institute of medicine vs the endocrine society state the guidelines inappropriately conclude the benefits of vitamin d are at 75nmol/L 25OHD and above. Mistakenly concluding all persons with serum 25OHDlevels below 50nmol/L are deficient.<br />
<br />
UK DoH recommends a plasma concentration of 25nmol/L<br />
<br />
In 2016 <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-publishes-new-advice-on-vitamin-d" target="_blank">public health england</a> published a report advising that 10 micrograms are advised daily to support bones, teeth and muscle. This advice was published in line with recommendations from <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sacn-vitamin-d-and-health-report" target="_blank">SACN</a> to suggest this safe level for everyone over 4 years old. SACN did not take into account the vitamin D from sun exposure as the synthesis of the vitamin through the skin is complex. PHE advises that throughout the months from March until October the majority of the public gain enough vitamin D through sunlight and a balanced diet. During the winter, dietary sources are relied on. IT is difficult for people to meet the 10 microgram recommendation. Fortification of foods will assist with those who are less likely to get out in sunlight and those who do not consume enough naturally through diet.<br />
<br />
Deficiency - corresponds with blood levels with clinical evidence of bone disease such as rickets or osteomalacia. Once levels are below 20-25nmol/L a very high risk is present.<br />
Insufficiency is a biochemical term. No clinical evidence of disease is present. PTH levels may be elevated in the blood.<br />
Some studies do not differentiate yet the differentiation will really determine a change of numbers reported on the studies.<br />
<br />
A large number of studies exist to show low 25OHD is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, autoimmune disease and increased mortality.<br />
<br />
Is vitamin D simply a good marker for health? Were the randomised control trials started early enough? Were these studies including looking at calcium?<br />
<br />
Vitamin D toxicity is rare but potentially serious. <br />
HypervitaminosisD is not caused by diet or sum exposure but rather intake of a supplement at levels of 60,000 IU a day for several months. As the body regulates the vitamin D produced from sun absorption really very well, fortification may be an excellent answer to gain better status levels from the diet. Fortified foods do not contain major amounts of vitamin D and are regulated closely.<br />
Toxicity from vitamin D has a main consequence of hypercalcemia in the blood. Symptoms noted are nausea, increased urination and weakness. Possible progression pathways are into bone pain, kidney problems and the formation of calcium stones. Treatment includes stopping vitamin D intake and restricting calcium in the diet.<br />
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Naturally occurring vitamin D can be found in fatty fish and fish liver oils. A plant source of vitamin d is mushrooms although this is vitamin d2 yet animal products contain vitamin d3.<br />
<br />
The largest source of dietary vitamin d is fortified foods. Namely milk, orange juice and cereals.<br />
Vitamin D is essential to bone metabolism and calcium absorption.<br />
Vitamin D deficiency is common among older adults as they have impaired ability to synthesise vitamin d from the sun<br />
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<br />Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-89616255049384363622018-03-12T05:19:00.000-07:002018-03-12T05:19:34.142-07:00Do you have a simnel cake image?My magazine column will see me post a recipe of simple cake prior to Easter.<br />
<br />
I need images!<br />
<br />
Do you have any nice photos of your simnel cake you would allow me to use for my publication? You will get the credit and retain the copyright. Please send them to my email <a href="mailto:lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com">lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com</a><br />
<br />
You see, this year I have simply run out of time to bake and take a photo of a simnel cake. I would love your help!<br />
<br />
Thank you in advance<br />
<br />Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-39634688936288164552018-02-28T04:13:00.002-08:002023-08-09T06:58:31.622-07:00Deciding to heal<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Deciding
to heal.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Medical intervention is life saving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We know this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Those who save lives are totally incredible and we need eternal
gratitude for all those who have been touched by these lives.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">There is zero doubt in my mind about
this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are times, we simply need
help. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">My final year of my degree has highlighted
the importance of taking control of ones own health, mind, body and as always,
spirit (although that’s not often mentioned in my science degree.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Biochemistry, physiology and the body is a
miracle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How does everything work
together so synchronously for us to thrive as humans?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Honestly, I believe a certain degree of
miracle must be present.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being designed
so beautifully, our cells and organelles are factories for our health, without
them, no oxygen. Without oxygen, no life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Without lungs, no oxygen…..you see my point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Symbiosis is truly ever present and when
things go wrong, we sometimes need to ask why.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Laying blame is wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one wants to be sick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one chose to make himself or herself
ill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet the chronic diseases we see so
prevalent in this world are often preventable. This is a fact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet do we know how?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why do we suffer such illnesses?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can they be reversed?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Research, research, research.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">The information is out there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sadly, often our doctors simply do not have
the time to go through finer details and we could be left in wonder of what to
do next.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Finite details might just switch on the
knowledge or motivation for change.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">I have a story rather like this.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Forever a sick child,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>we were given antibiotics on most occasions.
There was a time the primary reason for visiting the doctors was to ‘get some
antibiotics’. Now we know this is not the best route to take in all occasions,
yet life saving in others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally we
know that antibiotics are to fight <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bacterial</i>
infections, hence the name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My teenage
years were also troubled with health issues which carried on through
infertility, hormonal and other chronic pain manifestations. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">My symptoms here will not be described in
detail but please be aware of a few descriptions approaching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Many surgeries, all non specific and
seemingly unrelated, followed and a general feeling of not being my best came
to a head in 2009. Shocking issues from the gut we stopping me in my tracks.
Putting on the brakes of life until the symptoms were so bad I was heavily
loosing blood all day, every day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The GP
seemed to think more surgery might be needed and gave me a follow up
appointment which was definitely not treated as urgent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Things got worse, I ended up in the hospital
and after surgery and biopsies I was told they were looking for harmful tumors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">How could I share this with my
parents?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They already buried my brother
and there was only me left.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can’t
help but think of the worst-case scenario but I should have worked harder on
relaxing inside as much as my outer appearance seemed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">During the surgery, I was informed that my
colon was heavily ulcerated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
suspected ulcerative colitis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Immediately I began research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Specifically
into Inflammatory bowel conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s
known as IBD and is the collective term for crohns and colitis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being inflamed anywhere in the body is not a
good place to be. Yet already I was motivated and determined to do what I could
to help myself.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Results were in. The biopsies showed Crohns
disease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A disease from anywhere from
mouth to anus in the digestive system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It will also have the ability to penetrate right through the tissue layers
which is life threatening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alongside
gastritis, a hiatus hernia and flattened villi (showing Coeliac disease – a
gluten allergy).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, while this sounded
a pretty grim story and the potential need for lots of surgery, I became
determined.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Burning candles at my desk late into the
night, I was busy reading more and more, going deeper and deeper while I waited
for more medical appointments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finding a
diet detailing The Specific Carbohydrate diet, I read a book by Elaine
Gottschall “<a href="http://amzn.to/2oweefh" target="_blank">Breaking the Vicious cycle</a>” and read it cover to cover in one
sitting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why had I never heard of all
this stuff?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can heal from your
nutrition?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can heal your gut and it
changes everything, even mindset! I was astonished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Immediately I requested an appointment with
a dietitian at the local hospital and I began eating the way the book instructed
instantly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Science moves on quickly and I’m pleased to
say that today, the NHS does now recommend the low <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FODMAP" target="_blank">FODMAP</a> diet for those
struggling with digestive health which is not too dissimilar to the Specific
carbohydrate diet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet in 2009 I left
the dietitian clinic in floods of tears when they spoke to me of ‘a varied and
balanced diet’ and showed me the <a href="https://www.food.gov.uk/northern-ireland/nutritionni/eatwell-guide" target="_blank">Eatwell Plate</a> full of grains and
starches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inside I was screaming but
remained polite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I knew this was wrong
as I had already begun eating bone broths and eliminating sugars as well as the
gluten which had been harming my body all these years through allergy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">My gastroenterologist gave a long list of
prescriptive medicine for me to use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two
of them were essential at the time but turned me inside out with pain so I got
off those as soon as I could possibly do safely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We had a heated conversation; I was
frustrated – his exact words, “You can’t deal with crohns without medication or
surgery.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I cried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would. I was determined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I knew what I had read.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Keeping an open mind to what he said was
unthinkable. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5SBm7-LTI0A/V9b4e0fPAZI/AAAAAAAAWJU/ry2N4Hq46-wKXde_v4EgJD9MBsFZcEV1ACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/resizelouiseusherbanner_jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="1600" height="110" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5SBm7-LTI0A/V9b4e0fPAZI/AAAAAAAAWJU/ry2N4Hq46-wKXde_v4EgJD9MBsFZcEV1ACPcBGAYYCw/s400/resizelouiseusherbanner_jpg.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Continuing to spend much time in the
kitchen with careful preparation of my nutrition, continuing to research,
beginning to wear bikinis in case he was right and I needed abdominal
surgery….everything changed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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would do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dance has always been my
passion and I began to compete, doing great with my amazing dance partner and
ending up finalists of the nationals from 160 couples down to 5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We didn’t win but that didn’t matter.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">My body transformed unrecognizably.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was feeling fit and well, my horrific
symptoms I saw before surgery disappeared within 3 weeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">The following summer, for the first time, I
had no hay fever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My constant ear
infections which also needed previous surgery and I lost my hearing bones in
one ear, had gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Totally. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">Never in my life had I felt so amazing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">More difficult conversations with the gastroenterologist
led to a place of ‘agreeing to disagree’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I knew then that diet was the key to making significant
improvements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While this was a dramatic
way of eating, it was necessary to heal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Being transparent, things have slipped since and I can feel it. But
easily, I pull things back and see the same wonderful results over and over. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">They say you are what you eat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You definitely are a product of your
absorption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While my degree has taught
me much about the systems of metabolism I feel the important lesson to pass on
is to listen to your body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This far, 9
years later I am blessed to still be in better health without surgery or
medication.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My crohns went into
remission after 3 weeks and that is where it has stayed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">* If you have any
health concerns I would always recommend seeking the advice of a health
professional as well as listening to your body. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<tbody><tr><td><input name="on0" type="hidden" value="Choices of sessions" />Choices of sessions</td></tr><tr><td><select name="os0">
<option value="one to one coaching">one to one coaching £249.00 GBP</option>
<option value="follow up session">follow up session £199.00 GBP</option>
<option value="set of 4 sessions">set of 4 sessions £950.00 GBP</option>
<option value="Questions via email only">Questions via email only £85.00 GBP</option>
</select> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<input name="currency_code" type="hidden" value="GBP" />
<br />Email to book: <a href="mailto:lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com">lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com</a></form>
Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-40609161030160241702018-01-06T15:35:00.001-08:002023-08-09T06:59:15.312-07:00A report on obesity and physical activity.<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Obesity
and Physical activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">A
report to show how increasing physical activity may give health benefits in
relation to lower obesity rates.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Louise Usher<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 262.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 152.75pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Contents<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Introduction……………………………………………..2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Obesity…………………………………………..2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Physical Activity and obesity…………..2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Chronic disease………………………………2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Prevalence of obesity……………………...3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Method…………………………………………………….4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Results……………………………………………………..5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Physical Activity and obesity…………..5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Physical activity guidelines………………………7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Government initiatives………………….7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Local initiatives……………………………..8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Results of interventions…………………9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">6.0 References………………………………………………12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Obesity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Obesity is defined by body mass index. This
does not highlight the prevalence of morbidity and mortality associated with
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<span lang="EN-US">63% of adults in 2015 were classed as being
overweight (a BMI of over 25) or obese (a BMI of over 30). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #535353; font-family: OpenSans-Regular; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: OpenSans-Regular;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/(https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/adult-obesity-applying-all-our-health/adult-obesity-applying-all-our-health,2017" target="_blank">(https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/adult-obesity-applying-all-our-health/adult-obesity-applying-all-our-health,2017</a>)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">According to Public health England (PHE),
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<span lang="EN-US">A myriad of reasons driving obesity rates
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Physical
Activity and obesity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The obesity epidemic is impacted by genetics as well as energy imbalance
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"abstract" : "Energy expenditure rises above resting energy
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expenditure varies with the muscle mass involved and the intensity at which the
activity is performed: it ranges between 2 and 18 METs approximately.
Differences in duration, frequency and intensity of physical activities may
create considerable variations in total energy expenditure. The Physical
Activity Level (= total energy expenditure divided by resting energy
expenditure) varies between 1.2 and 2.2-2.5 in healthy adults. Increases in
activity-induced energy expenditure have been shown to result in increases in
total energy expenditure, which are usually greater than the increase in
activity-induced energy expenditure itself. No evidence for increased
spontaneous physical activity, measured by diary, interview or accelerometer,
was found. However, this does not exclude increased physical activity that can
not be measured by these methods. Part of the difference may also be explained
by the post-exercise elevation of metabolic rate. If changes in the level of
physical activity affect energy balance, this should result in changes in body
mass or body composition. Modest decreases of body mass and fat mass are found
in response to increases in physical activity, induced by exercise training,
which are usually smaller than predicted from the increase in energy
expenditure. This indicates that the training-induced increase in total energy
expenditure is at least partly compensated for by an increase in energy intake.
There is some evidence that the coupling between energy expenditure and energy
intake is less at low levels of physical activity. Increasing the level of
physical activity for weight loss may therefore be most effective in the most
sedentary individuals.", "author" : [ {
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"issue" : "3A", "issued" : {
"date-parts" : [ [ "1999" ] ] }, "page" :
"335-339", "title" : "Physical activity and energy
balance.", "type" : "article-journal",
"volume" : "2" }, "uris" : [
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lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"> and begin to facilitate weight loss. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">While the UK government has used various approaches for the
treatment of a healthier lifestyle (https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541233/Physical_activity_infographic.PDF),
the obesity epidemic continues to rise </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
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style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chronic disease caused by an association of
inflammation (diabetes type 2, cardiovascular disease, cancer) </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
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substantial body of evidence supports the conclusion that chronic inflammation
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carcinoma. Chronic inflammation is caused by a variety of factors, including
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Shacter and Weitzman, 2002)</span></span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"> give threat to health such that improved understanding of
immunological processes to regulate obesity may assist with lowering
obesity-associated disorders. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {
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lifestyle changes, have not been successful in curtailing the obesity epidemic.
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Kanneganti and Dixit, 2012)</span></span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Chronic
disease.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An ageing population is an
unpreventable cause of chronic disease (Ons.gov.uk, 2015).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US">The ageing population is predicted to continue to grow as the figure
1 demonstrates below, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HwB3G9Zb9cw/WlFa2DLWhEI/AAAAAAAAaEI/qvYibdOj0t4JwGhM9bIXBLG_EOVcCxo9ACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.24.44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="390" data-original-width="632" height="197" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HwB3G9Zb9cw/WlFa2DLWhEI/AAAAAAAAaEI/qvYibdOj0t4JwGhM9bIXBLG_EOVcCxo9ACLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.24.44.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Fig 1</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> – Ageing
population in developed countries.</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span lang="EN-US">Ref:</span></sub></i><span lang="EN-US"> (<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013">https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US">As the cornerstones of obesity treatment, (diet, exercise and
physical activity) the government aims to promote theses methods as a forefront
to medical and bariatric treatment, </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
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fat deposition in obesity has a multifactorial aetiology, but is widely
considered the result of disequilibrium between energy intake and expenditure.
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obese. The central nervous system circuitry, fuel turnover and metabolism as
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gain and associated comorbidities. Obesity has a profound impact on quality of
life, even in seemingly healthy individuals. Diet, physical activity or
exercise and lifestyle changes are the cornerstones of obesity treatment, but
medical treatment and bariatric surgery are becoming important. Family history,
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often ill-equipped to address the important environmental and socioeconomic
drivers of the current obesity epidemic. Finally, understanding the epigenetic
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lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Prevalence
of obesity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In 2002, 23% of men and 25% of women were
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2 shows a predicted figure for the future which is much debated. However,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as previously discussed physical activity is
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wellbeing and mental health * Key points * 6Physical activity and public
health6.1\u00a0Physical activity across the life course6.2\u00a0Current
recommendations on physical activity6.3\u00a0Psychological barriers to physical
activity6.4\u00a0Environmental determinants of physical
activity6.5\u00a0Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical
activity6.6\u00a0Risks associated with physical activity * Key points *
7Conclusions Summary\u00a0 Physical activity levels in the UK are low. Only 35%
of men and 24% of women reach the recommended 30\u00a0minutes of
moderate-intensity physical activity at least five times a week. Men tend to be
more active than women at all ages, and there is a marked decline in physical
activity with age in both sexes. Children are more active than adults. Seventy
per cent of boys and 61% of girls reach the recommended 60\u00a0minutes of
moderate-intensity physical activity a day. Boys tend to be more active than
girls and there is a decline in physical activity as children reach
adolescence, which is more marked in girls. For adults and children,
lower-income groups have particularly low physical activity levels. Although
physical activity levels in adults and children have been relatively stable in
recent years, there is some evidence to suggest a decline in occupational
activity from the 1990s onwards, and a decrease in active transport to school
and time spent in school physical education lessons. This has coincided with an
upward trend in sports participation (e.g. joining fitness clubs) in adults.
The physiological effects of physical activity are wide ranging, and
a\u2026", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" :
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"ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [
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"title" : "Physical activity and health", "type"
: "article-journal", "volume" : "32" },
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"http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=fcbf77cd-0d2f-4b92-9163-f874de63a4ee"
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2007)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Miles,
2007)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Miles,
2007)" }, "properties" : {<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>}, "schema" :
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Miles, 2007)</span></span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-G1Tj_jajOJ8/WlFbCPi4B5I/AAAAAAAAaEM/J2WPxR-JS0IKFFZgVdHVjrMxYm9hrbMmACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.25.38.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="501" data-original-width="479" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-G1Tj_jajOJ8/WlFbCPi4B5I/AAAAAAAAaEM/J2WPxR-JS0IKFFZgVdHVjrMxYm9hrbMmACLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.25.38.png" width="307" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Fig 2</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> - <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15108966">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15108966</a>
predicted trend for obesity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Obesity demonstrates a risk factor for
chronic ‘lifestyle’ diseases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Weight
loss is associated with improvement of symptoms, </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" :
"ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1503/cmaj.051299",
"ISBN" : "1488-2329 (Electronic)\\r0820-3946 (Linking)",
"ISSN" : "1488-2329", "PMID" :
"16636330", "abstract" : "Sedentary lifestyles and
increased pollution brought about by industrialization pose major challenges to
the prevention of both obesity and chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and
obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Obesity has emerged as an important risk
factor for these respiratory diseases, and in many instances weight loss is
associated with important symptomatic improvement. Moreover, obesity may
influence the development and presentation of these diseases. In this article,
we review the current understanding of the influence of obesity on chronic
respiratory diseases and the clinical management of obesity concurrent with
asthma, COPD, obstructive sleep apnea or obesity hypoventilation
syndrome.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" :
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Poulain <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al.</i>, 2006)</span></span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US">. Etiology
of a multifactorial nature includes genetics, metabolism, lifestyle and
environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The health risks of obesity
carried around the abdomen area show strong association with comorbidities such
as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease and hypertension,
(Poulain et al, 2006).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Method<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Search
strategy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Peer reviewed paper of systematic review
were found by searching Google Scholar, NHS Uk, The Lancet, Pubmed, DoH, PHE,
Nutrition journal.com.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Many government websites were targeted to
find past statistical evidence in relation to actions taken for a positive
direction into better health using physical exercise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During these searches, the NHS website of a
critical review was enlightening reading.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Daily mail article questioning the 1980s fat guidelines on saturated
fat published in 1983 in the UK.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
the researchers used available evidence at the time the results of randomized
control trials supported the recommendations made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Observational studies would have been a
positive way to confirm or deny any findings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The NHS website points out the reporting gives a potentially dangerous
report.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The NHS website still states
that a diet high in saturated fat could lead to obesity while also advising
that current guidelines are that a small amount of saturated fat should be
incorporated as part of a balanced Mediterranean style diet, (<a href="http://www.nhs.uk/">www.NHS.UK</a>, 2015).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Gov.uk hosts a blog named Public Health
Matters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In March 2017, Kevin Fenton
wrote an interesting article in relation to obesity and the food environment.
He quotes PHE estimated in 2014 that there are over 50,000 fast food and
takeaway outlets in England and how this may impact health. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The Foresight paper gave great information
on tackling obesities and predicting by 2050, 50% of women, 60% of men and 25%
of children would be obese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within this
paper the author highlights the issues once again with chronic disease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Particularly type 2 diabetes, stoke and
coronary heart disease as well as cancer and arthritis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Likening tackling obesity with tackling
climate change, the Foresight paper feels a whole society change is needed with
commitment. </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {
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"itemData" : { "abstract" : "1 Introduction Rates of
obesity and overweight have increased sharply in the UK since the mid-1980s and
are projected to continue to rise until 2010 1 . The purpose of this modelling
exercise, commissioned by the Foresight programme as part of the Tackling
Obesities: Future Choices project, is to project the growth, or otherwise, of
obesity rates through to 2050 and to predict the consequences for health,
health costs and life expectancy. A cell-based simulation was planned in order
to test the effects of changing the main determinants of obesity on obesity
rates. Two developments changed this approach. First, although attempts have
been made to model the impacts of policy interventions by a team in Australia2
, the early Foresight systems mapping work3 clearly demonstrated that the
determinants of obesity were too complex for such a modelling process to be
reliable. Secondly, close inspection of 12 years of data from the Health Survey
for England1 demonstrated extraordinary order and consistency in obesity
trends. The case for making reliable projections from these data, entirely
independent of identifying possible determinants, was irresistible, and this is
the course that has been pursued. This does not exclude the possibility of
incorporating epidemiological impact analysis into any future iterations of
this model. This report considers the following questions in turn: \u2022 What
will be the likely distribution of overweight and obesity across the population
over the next 40 years? \u2022 What will be the likely health and cost
consequences of these extrapolated overweight and obesity trends? \u2022 How
much might these consequences be altered by effective interventions to reduce
body mass index (BMI) across the population or in targeted subgroups? Part 1 of
the report addresses the likely obesity levels that will be seen in 2050 by
supposing that the trends observed between 1993 and 2004 continue until 2050.
Part 2 allows wide-ranging changes in the predicted trajectories of BMI rates
among any specified subgroups of the population and calculates the consequences
in terms of the rates of related diseases, health service costs and life
expectancy (other, BMI-unrelated, determinants of these indices remaining
constant). The results reported in Part 2 have been produced using a
microsimulation commissioned specifically by the Foresight Tackling Obesities:
Future Choices project for this purpose. The microsimulation models the
population of England from the mid-1990\u2026", "author" : [ {
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lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Results<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Physical
activity and obesity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US">A sedentary lifestyle, physical
inactivity and over consuming energy balance are a fact of human behavior
currently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The World Health Organisation
(WHO) identifies inactivity as the fourth leading risk factor for global
mortality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Globally, causing 3.2 million
deaths, </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:
field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {
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lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While previously demonstrated
the issues with obesity can be multi factorial, regular moderate intensity
activity has significant benefits for health </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" :
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lang=EN-US><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US">. The WHO also boldly state physical activity can reduce the risk of
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, colon and breast cancer and depression. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US">As well as helping to control weight.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US">The BMJ reported a research based finding
in figure 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LTwyYFYFI5I/WlFbMkvPn6I/AAAAAAAAaEQ/v7SehD1HtSAmwCQ-92FTxk4AdD8L_P_agCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.26.22.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="505" data-original-width="643" height="251" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LTwyYFYFI5I/WlFbMkvPn6I/AAAAAAAAaEQ/v7SehD1HtSAmwCQ-92FTxk4AdD8L_P_agCLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.26.22.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: InterFace-Italic; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: InterFace-Italic;">REF: BMJ</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #262626; font-family: font000000001ff56d69; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: font000000001ff56d69;"> 2009;338:b688</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Figure 3</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> – <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>BMJ cohort study on the results of physical
activity and mortality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US">A population based cohort study was
carried out on 2205 men aged 50 in the years 1970-1973.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At ages 60, 70, 77 and 82 years old they were
reexamined to see total mortality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
objective of this study was to examine how a change in physical activity
influences mortality in comparison with smoking cessation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US">They concluded increased physical
activity in middle age is followed by a reduction in mortality to the same
level as seen in men with high physical activity of a more constant level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Results show a comparable result with smoking
cessation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {
"citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1",
"itemData" : { "DOI" :
"10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282efaf50", "ISBN" :
"2310905178", "ISSN" : "1741-8267",
"PMID" : "18043308", "abstract" :
"BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic inflammation are strongly
related to increased cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate whether an aerobic training programme would ameliorate inflammatory
and anti-inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 DM. DESIGN Interventional
study. METHODS A total of 60 overweight individuals with type 2 DM, but without
vascular complications, were randomly assigned to either a 6-month aerobic
exercise training programme (four times/week, 45-60 min/session), designated as
exercise group, or to the control group. All participants were on an oral
antidiabetic regimen and none was receiving lipid-lowering medications.
Anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, glycaemic and lipid
profiles, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP), adiponectin,
interleukin (IL)-10, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, insulin,
reciprocal index of homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), body fat and blood
pressure (BP) were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS In
comparison with baseline and control group, exercise-treated patients improved
glucose control, lipid profile, exercise capacity (VO2 peak) and exhibited
decreased insulin resistance and systolic BP considerably (P<0.05). Plasma
adiponectin, TNF-alpha and body weight changed slightly across treatment
(P>0.05), whereas diastolic BP and fat mass tended to decrease (P=0.071 and
0.061, respectively). Exercise training reduced hs CRP (from 0.48+/-0.16 to
0.29+/-0.2 mg/dl; P=0.04) and IL-18 (from 315.19+/-122.76 to 203.77+/-96.02
pg/ml; P=0.02). Moreover, exercise provided anti-inflammatory protection
through IL-10 increment (P=0.039) and IL-18/IL-10 ratio downregulation
(P=0.014). In multiple regression analysis, alteration in IL-18 was
independently correlated with hs CRP and VO2 peak changes (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training without significant weight loss improves
metabolic profile and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in patients with type 2
DM.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" :
"", "family" : "Kadoglou", "given" :
"Nikolaos P E", "non-dropping-particle" : "",
"parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {
"dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Iliadis",
"given" : "Fotios", "non-dropping-particle" :
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"" }, { "dropping-particle" : "",
"family" : "Angelopoulou", "given" :
"Nikoleta", "non-dropping-particle" : "",
"parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {
"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :
"Perrea", "given" : "Despina",
"non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false,
"suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :
"", "family" : "Ampatzidis", "given" :
"George", "non-dropping-particle" : "",
"parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {
"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :
"Liapis", "given" : "Christos D",
"non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" :
false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :
"", "family" : "Alevizos", "given" :
"Miltiadis", "non-dropping-particle" : "",
"parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ],
"container-title" : "European journal of cardiovascular prevention
and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology,
Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and
Exercise Physiology", "id" : "ITEM-1",
"issue" : "6", "issued" : {
"date-parts" : [ [ "2007" ] ] }, "page" :
"837-43", "title" : "The anti-inflammatory effects of
exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.",
"type" : "article-journal", "volume" :
"14" }, "uris" : [
"http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=39d5005f-0d6c-41e8-bf0d-bcdaafcc9c25"
] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Kadoglou
<i>et al.</i>, 2007)", "plainTextFormattedCitation"
: "(Kadoglou et al., 2007)", "previouslyFormattedCitation"
: "(Kadoglou <i>et al.</i>, 2007)" },
"properties" : {<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>},
"schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"
}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Kadoglou <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al.</i>, 2007)</span></span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US">
carried out an interventional study to the anti-inflammatory effects of
exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US">Stating that chronic inflammation along
with DM is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular health
compromises,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kadoglou et al hoped the
study would evaluate aerobic training may have an effect on inflammatory
markers on patients with DM. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US">Encouraging results were found as the
exercise treated patients showed improved glucose control, lipid profile and
Vo2 peak as well as decreased insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US">The 60 subjects did not undertake
significant weight loss yet purely with physical activity saw improvements in
metabolic profile. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Physical
Activity guidelines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Government
initiatives<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Previously detailed here, the government
website hold many claims to the benefits of activity within this info graphic
below set as figure 4,5 and 6.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GVpU77nlviA/WlFbWVV8CcI/AAAAAAAAaEY/1FQdp3G0E0MaKPVtshxkgEXuRSWcLS7aQCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.27.01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="605" height="124" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GVpU77nlviA/WlFbWVV8CcI/AAAAAAAAaEY/1FQdp3G0E0MaKPVtshxkgEXuRSWcLS7aQCLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.27.01.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt;">https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541233/Physical_activity_infographic.PDF<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Figure 4</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> – The
government state a health benefit of multi factorial nature by aiming for more
physical activity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Better sleep, healthy
weight, stress management and all together improvement in quality of life is
documented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Claiming type 2 diabetes may
be lowered by 40%, cardiovascular disease lowered by 35% and falls, dementia
and depression by 30%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back pain may be alleviated
as well as pain in joints by 25% and the risk of colon and breast cancer may be
reduced by 20%.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_1mGJa1yA3c/WlFbe5USKrI/AAAAAAAAaEc/-cf_N0G7wsswpKUg_8cYv-wpGL1edF6NACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.27.37.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="622" height="180" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_1mGJa1yA3c/WlFbe5USKrI/AAAAAAAAaEc/-cf_N0G7wsswpKUg_8cYv-wpGL1edF6NACLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.27.37.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541233/Physical_activity_infographic.PDF">https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541233/Physical_activity_infographic.PDF</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Figure 5</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> – To
achieve the aims stated above, the guidelines suggest 4 main ways in which to
change for the health benefits to be achieved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Being more active helps heart and mind and ways to be more active
suggest running, walking, playing sport, cycling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sitting down is heavily documented at the
present time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Less TV and sofa sitting
is suggested.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Coupled with building
strength by going to the gym, doing weight bearing exercise such as yoga will
help keep muscles bones and joints strong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Reducing a chance of falls can be achieved by improving balance.
Undertaking dancing or tai chi are great suggestions for this.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3KhonSz4ioE/WlFbm9EKxxI/AAAAAAAAaEg/nEVNKt5Szao6abxI3secpkT0M3-ipR7eQCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.28.08.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="617" height="128" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3KhonSz4ioE/WlFbm9EKxxI/AAAAAAAAaEg/nEVNKt5Szao6abxI3secpkT0M3-ipR7eQCLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.28.08.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541233/Physical_activity_infographic.PDF">https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541233/Physical_activity_infographic.PDF</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Figure 6</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the government initiative suggests
starting somewhere is better than not starting at all, 2 days per week is
recommended for the strength training and movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While sitting down for long periods, it is
suggested taking breaks to move around. 75 minutes of high impact exercise of
vigorous intensity is recommended where the participant gets out of
breath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Less vigorous is considered
moderate intensity and this should be at least 150 minutes per week.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Local
initiatives<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2014 saw Medway council “supporting healthy
weight” team (SHW) host an Obesity Summit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was well attended by voluntary, private and public sector
partners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aiming to develop a framework
for obesity,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the SHW team was working
with children and adults to help achieve a healthy weight. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The national child measurement programme
saw 23.3% of 4-5 year olds and 32.7% of 10-11 year olds in Medway either overweight
or obese. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The aim was to support obesity prevention
in the Medway local plan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A meeting was held in February 2013 by Nick
Bundle the Speciality registrar for Public Health NHS Medway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Entitled “The scope for tackling obesity in
Medway through the built environment”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Recognising that adult obesity levels in Medway
are estimated to be 30 percent (worse than the national average),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the meeting discussed the more recent
research showing the matter of obesity not being simple<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>matter of poor decisions of food and lack of
physical activity. Available food and affordability are issues that face Medway
residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This public health matter saw
the local professionals deciding to work closely with teams in the council to
reshape the local environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">National planning policies now highlight
the promotion of healthy communities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Medway has a joint health and wellbeing
strategy to run from 2012 to 2017.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
tackles obesity as a priority and works with councils to plan to achieve this.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Links to transport and green spaces are
promoted for physical activity. Even though the health outcomes do not
currently reflect this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This new policy
also restricted the opening of hot food takeaways. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Allotments were funded more than previously with
revenue channeled from planning contributions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, these plans can only be influenced when there is an application
for change of use or new build.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
cannot be revoked as a public health matter. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">During this meeting, public health realized
a lack of evidence cannot be a reason for inaction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet shaping the environment into less
obesogenic is a step in the right direction. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The Department of Health and NICE
guidelines began to recognize the importance of shaping the community to enable
easier ways to focus on a less obesogenic environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Results
of intervention<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Public health England published a report on
July 4<sup>th</sup> 2017<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>detailing the
health profile of the Medway towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
is a definite concern within Medway. (<a href="http://fingertipsreports.phe.org.uk/health-profiles/2017/e06000035.pdf">http://fingertipsreports.phe.org.uk/health-profiles/2017/e06000035.pdf</a>)
With a lower life expectancy than the national average (8.2 years lower for men
and 5.8 years lower for women) and a statistic that 21% of children live in low
income families, the figures are suggestive that more needs to be done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In year 6 within the local area, 20.9% of
children in 2017 were measured within the obese range.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tVyb8X_4_Hs/WlFb6h6FCJI/AAAAAAAAaEo/DDwMtxUZs98fHn8YeUJy3cttzuZTSRvdgCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.29.12.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="448" data-original-width="344" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tVyb8X_4_Hs/WlFb6h6FCJI/AAAAAAAAaEo/DDwMtxUZs98fHn8YeUJy3cttzuZTSRvdgCLcBGAs/s400/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-01-06%2Bat%2B23.29.12.png" width="306" /></a><img border="0" height="49" src="file://localhost/private/var/folders/kn/6dwkjg2x1qz_nmh9dwvykvhw0000gn/T/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_image016.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_13" width="417" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Figure 7</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> from
Public health England <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub>Ref:</sub></i>(<a href="http://fingertipsreports.phe.org.uk/health-profiles/2017/e06000035.pdf"><span style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">http://fingertipsreports.phe.org.uk/health-profiles/2017/e06000035.pdf</span></a>)
Showing the estimation of Medway age profiles between 2015 and the estimate in
2018</span><span lang="EN-US">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The aging population within Medway shows
signs that death will be higher than the national expected average for those
ages 75 and over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Summary<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">While
much evidence is proven within this report that initiatives are taking place
both nationally and locally, the long term outlook shows more may need to be
done.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
local Medway area is showing that research has proven some issues may be those
from lower socioeconomic classes either having issues with affordability or
education.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is far more to this
issue as we can see from the evidence within this report. However, even
globally with changes being made to the bigger picture, we are showing more and
more need for a different approach. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Without
doubt,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>physical activity will benefit
obese patients, therefore lowering the prevalence of chronic disease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus,
coronary heart disease, cardio vascular health, mental health, dementia and
cancer can all become less prevalent with healthy lifestyle changes such as
diet and physical activity. This is clear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>even with steps in place
for obese and overweight patients to undertake more physical activity, this may
not be being carried out. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">A
wider approach of a more conclusive change is needed which within the evidence
of this report is being likened to the changes made to approach the issues
raised within climate change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
aging population outlined in the figures above show not only increases in age
throughout the future years yet also the risks of chronic disease
increasing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To tackle the obesity epidemic
strongly would help this population to age well and healthy. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While there is no doubt diet plays a huge part
in obesity, the evidence presented here has proven clearly that while diet can
help lower and prevent obesity,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>an
increase in physical activity even without weight loss will lower the
prevalence and incidence of chronic disease and improve the health and
lifestyle of those affected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Living well
will benefit those previously at risk of chronic disease and this can be
achieved with an increase in physical activity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Local
and national initiatives need a more vigorous approach to change the course of
the evidence and predictions shown within this report. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #548dd4; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">6.0
References<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN Mendeley
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">González-Muniesa, P.,
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">Haslam, D. W. and James, W. P.
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">Kadoglou, N. P. E., Iliadis,
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">Kanneganti, T. D. and Dixit, V.
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">Kopelman, P. G. (2000) ‘Obesity
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">Mary, E. a. (2014) <i>Adult
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">McPherson, K., Marsh, T. and
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">Available at:
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">Miles, L. (2007) ‘Physical
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-no-proof: yes;">Poulain, M., Doucet, M., Major,
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<tbody><tr><td><input name="on0" type="hidden" value="Choices of sessions" />Choices of sessions</td></tr><tr><td><select name="os0">
<option value="one to one coaching">one to one coaching £249.00 GBP</option>
<option value="follow up session">follow up session £199.00 GBP</option>
<option value="set of 4 sessions">set of 4 sessions £950.00 GBP</option>
<option value="Questions via email only">Questions via email only £85.00 GBP</option>
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</tbody></table>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-28698457937022640392017-11-22T23:49:00.000-08:002017-11-22T23:49:02.785-08:00Food Matters Live 2017<span style="font-size: large;">Yesterday saw an exciting day in my nutrition world. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The excel centre, London, host to Food matters Live. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">A Myriad of colours to feast my eyes on in the food department and some beautiful stands too. Great graphic design and marketing designs. Blew me Away!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Having never visited before I was excited and unsure what to expect. In my years as a salon consultant, I visited the Excel for <a href="http://salonexhibitions.co.uk/site/Home" target="_blank">Hairdressers Journal international and Salon international</a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_RguYiMjFqE/WhZ4qdlIiEI/AAAAAAAAZvM/0rZ8nEt3Z5IqDmq-HrXA239YtNsmYd3AACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_0261.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_RguYiMjFqE/WhZ4qdlIiEI/AAAAAAAAZvM/0rZ8nEt3Z5IqDmq-HrXA239YtNsmYd3AACLcBGAs/s400/IMG_0261.jpg" width="300" /></span></a><span style="font-size: large;">Which occupied the entire one side of the building. So, being me, I proudly (efficiently having printed my ticket already) walked up to the person with the bar code scanner to enter the room.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"Wrong show, you need S2." Opps. This one was still medical so I guessed that would be us.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Yet I soon figured out (especially after bumping into my old dietetics lecturer) that this is sort of less medical and kind of more for industry. Lots of 'free from' and 'vegan' and natural products. For me, that leads to health anyway, especially the free from stuff. Have you tried eating foods you have an allergy or intolerance to? Hmm. Say no more!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Well let me say, I was blown away by the seemingly simple things I learned, such as how vegetables and fruit can be used as a natural food colouring, how so many people have the balls to launch into an industrial kitchen and get their products out there in places like <a href="http://amzn.to/2jSIgtT" target="_blank">Planet Organic</a> and <a href="http://amzn.to/2A5LwGm" target="_blank">Holland and Barrett.</a></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l8rfdiM5FRg/WhZ5mfLgF8I/AAAAAAAAZvY/GS7SZ_-wwnkC8tPqUCDnpcEpDR0Zc1FTQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_0253.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l8rfdiM5FRg/WhZ5mfLgF8I/AAAAAAAAZvY/GS7SZ_-wwnkC8tPqUCDnpcEpDR0Zc1FTQCLcBGAs/s320/IMG_0253.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">The Exhibitors gladly shared their stories of business with me and I'm overwhelmed at how excited both them and I became while chatting about this. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Since the show, I have been giving lots of thought to all I absorbed. Please keep watching as I will share details of such companies through this blog and my <a href="https://www.youtube.com/motivweight" target="_blank">youtube channel</a> and let you have a look at their products and website links etc. </span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2GZRB8Dj2ls/WhZ5k0KXv9I/AAAAAAAAZvU/KDL4S1g2bHoi-BV5IFd0bo75Bw49JdXcgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_0256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2GZRB8Dj2ls/WhZ5k0KXv9I/AAAAAAAAZvU/KDL4S1g2bHoi-BV5IFd0bo75Bw49JdXcgCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_0256.jpg" width="480" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-igb3l7mGbBM/WhZ5prmTFrI/AAAAAAAAZvc/vaKAcU194qQw7r0d5bykrjdHwNDikSYeACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_0258.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-igb3l7mGbBM/WhZ5prmTFrI/AAAAAAAAZvc/vaKAcU194qQw7r0d5bykrjdHwNDikSYeACLcBGAs/s320/IMG_0258.jpg" width="240" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">My passion for all things health and wellness through food is exactly back where it needs to be thanks to these exhibitions. I'm fired up and ready to go into the future of my research and dissertation!</span></div>
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<br />Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-60120786597301319112017-11-02T00:20:00.001-07:002023-08-09T06:59:25.994-07:00Eating well while travelling<span style="font-size: large;">My passion is <a href="https://goo.gl/bGGh3g" target="_blank">travel</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Occasionally this can be a little tricky when you are dealing with food intolerances, allergies and sticking to a diet! So how do you eat well while <a href="https://goo.gl/bGGh3g" target="_blank">travelling</a>?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">For me, when I was first diagnosed with Crohns I took to the specific carbohydrate diet. It helped me more than I could have ever imagined. Now I am better than I was I have relaxed my diet a lot but I'm still so happy to see more and more places abroad (especially the <a href="https://goo.gl/bGGh3g" target="_blank">all-inclusive hotels</a>) showing choices for people like me. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Over the next couple of years I will be documenting my findings on this blog and my<a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgvxitKNC2jx5utQf0DvKVg?view_as=subscriber" target="_blank"> youtube</a> page to show how simple a few tweaks can be. Often in Europe there will be offers such as soy milk on offer at breakfast. While there is not often gluten free bread available, it is possible to get to the local shop purchase some and take a slice or two to breakfast.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Beware of crumbs from usual gluten containing toast if you are using the toaster available though! This is important. Especially if you have a severe allergy. Ask the staff if you can get it toasted in the kitchen, explaining how important it is not to allow cross contamination!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Let me know where you would like to see me review. I'm excited to share more and more exotic places with you!</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Well done Nestle. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<tbody><tr><td><input name="on0" type="hidden" value="Choices of sessions" />Choices of sessions</td></tr><tr><td><select name="os0">
<option value="one to one coaching">one to one coaching £249.00 GBP</option>
<option value="follow up session">follow up session £199.00 GBP</option>
<option value="set of 4 sessions">set of 4 sessions £950.00 GBP</option>
<option value="Questions via email only">Questions via email only £85.00 GBP</option>
</select> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<input name="currency_code" type="hidden" value="GBP" />
<br />Email to book: <a href="mailto:lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com">lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com</a></form>
Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-6138956035072695822017-10-07T15:01:00.000-07:002017-10-07T15:01:06.927-07:00Why you struggle to lose weight!I have figured it out. I'm not the first one to figure it out but I have researched and researched and I am now very confident I can help you.<br />
<br />
It's late here and I want to get the answers right. So please, bear with me, make sure you have signed up to receive my blog posts to your inbox and I will share this information with you so super soon.<br />
<br />
<br />Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-91541224641894702142017-04-29T23:09:00.002-07:002023-08-09T06:59:39.024-07:00York test food intolerance testing<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_gryQ1iGiF8" width="480"></iframe><br /><br />
<br /><br />
Are you looking for some answers to better health? Feeling as though you could feel better yet can't find the answers?<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Many this test will help you like it's helped me. See this test here as I test myself!
<tbody><tr><td><input name="on0" type="hidden" value="Choices of sessions" />Choices of sessions</td></tr><tr><td><select name="os0">
<option value="one to one coaching">one to one coaching £249.00 GBP</option>
<option value="follow up session">follow up session £199.00 GBP</option>
<option value="set of 4 sessions">set of 4 sessions £950.00 GBP</option>
<option value="Questions via email only">Questions via email only £85.00 GBP</option>
</select> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<input name="currency_code" type="hidden" value="GBP" />
<br />Email to book: <a href="mailto:lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com">lusherlifenutrition@gmail.com</a></form>
Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-12531828461215870132017-04-17T07:14:00.001-07:002017-04-17T07:14:12.190-07:00Researching Nutrition and where it's heading<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qCHVibOIU_E" width="480"></iframe>Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-77128287809090456742017-04-06T23:26:00.003-07:002017-04-06T23:29:47.009-07:00Back on the KETO diet!<span style="font-size: large;">You heard me right.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Keto diet is a tough one but works for so many. So what it is you hope for from eating the right way?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">For me, it's weight loss as well as health. I need to watch this darn crohns. Soon as some tummy noises begin to rumble, I know I need to watch what's going on.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Just 3 days in and already my blood glucose level is down from 6.3 to 5.4 (a way to go but still amazing) and while I do feel a little sleepy (it's that time of year at university) I'm feeling so much better.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Best of all, I'm in control.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://amzn.to/2njimjV" target="_blank">Reading Rob Wolf heavily documented Wired To Eat</a>, plus the looming holiday (bikini time yikes) I'm feeling so super charged up!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Who's with me?</span></div>
<br />Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-26855378751926671732016-11-24T04:23:00.001-08:002016-11-24T04:23:55.743-08:00What can we do to help you for FREE? Tell me!<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yUyzKax-oEc" width="480"></iframe><br /><br />
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Hi everyone!<br /><br />
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Catch up video here! Leave your comments to let me know if you have a question you would like answered!<br /><br />
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How can I help you with the content in my free youtube videos?<br /><br />
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Christmas is coming, then new year and we will all want some amazing magic pill which won't be found anywhere, no matter how hard you look. <br /><br />
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Be sensible....let me help you!Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-68929059158132724632016-10-09T00:14:00.002-07:002023-08-09T07:00:25.495-07:00Triggers of autoimmune symptomsMaking no apologies for my selfish passion in researching autoimmune illness, I find myself stumbling over papers that I feel you may be interested in too.<br />
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As a crohns disease patient who is pretty well these days, I still find myself aiming to get to the bottom of many other issues that lurk just under the barrier of health for me.<br />
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What is autoimmune illness?<br />
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The body can have a response to itself abnormally. Causing damage and symptoms.<br />
While we can currently list at least 80 types of autoimmune diseases, this is a growing list.<br />
Here are some of the better known diseases:<br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Ulcerative colitis</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Crohns disease</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Multiple Sclerosis</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Type 1 diabetes</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Lupus</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Rhumatoid arthritis</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Coeliac disease</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Endometriosis</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We also experience may symptoms of the disease which are not the disease itself. Such as gastritis or chronic fatigue syndrome.</span><br />
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This article lists 12 common triggers of <a href="http://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-17100/12-common-triggers-of-autoimmune-disease.html" target="_blank">autoimmune illness</a>. You may not be shocked at many of them but it's good to revise once in a while.<br />
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Could food really be responsible?<br />
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Can we relieve symptoms by eating specifically for the autoimmune illness?<br />
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I believe so yes. As I undertake research into this hypothesis, I will feed back here on this blog any exciting information or findings I can share with you.<br />
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Listen to the podcast here: <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/autoimmune-diet-and-me/id1023129375?mt=2">https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/autoimmune-diet-and-me/id1023129375?mt=2</a>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-63725014547461656572016-10-01T06:10:00.000-07:002016-10-01T06:10:05.353-07:00Historical blog - My first week at university<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Week 1 of university</h3>
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<span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Rain, rain and a little more rain. </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gosh did it rain. </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Such a shame as we had the most amazing welcome planned for us with a beautiful marquee set up on the Pembroke lawn. Awfully posh. I felt it sounded just a little Royal. </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Excitedly, I straightened my hair to its finest smoothness just that morning and was happy to hear that my new found friend Jules has also done the same. Neither of us with an umbrella. </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Both of us taking cover in the marquee. Bravely. As no one else was! </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">They were shyly braving the rain! </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bacon rolls for brunch. Yum. Slight issue there with my gluten allergy. I ate just a rasher of bacon. </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Becky sat with me who was another human nutrition student. She was struggling to eat too as she was vegetarian. Chatting with new friends, all seemed to be going well. There was so much to take in on this new day. Imagining this must be what it's like to move into the Big Brother house on channel 5 tv. Everyone getting to know each other while at the same time being on our best behaviour. Missing my friends from my old university in this week was a huge challenge. I was so glad Kathy was there. She was a friendly and familiar face from the last university. </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Yet I wished my Muna and Sheyma were here. My comfort blankets. That was all. I would have to learn to get along without them. </span><br /><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span class="s1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The staff we met on this first week all seemed so professional, smart and totally passionate about their subjects and their university. Buildings all around with beautiful red brick, steeped in history of days gone by when this was a historic dockyard. The place is just stunning. Surrounded by trees and other green life giving forces. Opening my eyes to see such beauty more and more as I learn details of the science behind life. I think I'm going to like it here.</span></div>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-61094172479716897202016-09-30T04:24:00.000-07:002016-09-30T04:24:11.248-07:00What food should you be eating?<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The million dollar question.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">What should you be eating? What will suit your body? Should we all eat the same and follow the same rules?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Great question. It seems few, if any, have the answer. I don't; that's for sure.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Using my own health and body as an experiment I have been up, down and sleepy all at the same time! Just as I seem to find one answer, another health issue crops up. Yet there are positives, there do seem to be a few consistent pieces of advice.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Drink water</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We all know this one don't we. Frequently I can be found guilty as not drinking the recommended 2 litres per day. Yet seldom do you see one diet plan or piece of advice that suggests ignoring water.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So do it. And see. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Track your food</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A few gurus say just eat. A few say you can control your weight with your mind. Whatever you do with your mind, nothing happens without action being taken. Without tracking your food you are unlikely to be mindful of what is likely to go on in your body. I always recommend <a href="http://www.myfitnesspal.com/">www.myfitnesspal.com</a> to all clients as a great app to pop every single thing that goes into your body on. You can log weight too! More about that in another post. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Without tracking you are likely to eat 'imaginary' or 'invisible' food. You know, the type that you will away from your hips - playing make believe that you ever ate that in the first place!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Of course, this is not all about weight loss. Should you have some symptoms or other, tracking is a fantastic way to keep an eye on what is making you feel really quite lousy. As an example, I had gone hard and fast keto lately to aim to bring blood sugars down. It hasn't been working and I have been feeling terrible. Working with my Dr to see if this is something else or if indeed I need to change my diet, tracking has helped amazingly.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Should you prefer pen and paper, get a jazzy book (small one to fit in your bag) and carry it along with you.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You're welcome :)</span>Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-19843780818018616352016-09-08T08:53:00.000-07:002016-09-12T13:42:36.717-07:00Why I could gladly give up on nutrition!<div>
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Yes, you can tell by the title of this blog post I am sick to the back teeth.<br />
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Trying to get things right. The politics of the whole nutritionist verses dietitian does my head in!</div>
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Recently there was a show on the BBC called "Clean eatings dirty secrets". It has hit the headlines all over the place. The internet is crawling with opinions about this show. The host was a blogger who interviewed other bloggers and youtubers and then went on to speak to those with PhD in nutrition etc. There is no comparison in these two types due to the way it was edited. Which makes me mad!</div>
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In actual fact, looking at it from my usual positive angle I will see it like this: anyone who is interested in food in relation to health should all be batting for the same team.</div>
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Right?</div>
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Doctors infuriate me with their answers of 'take this pill' or 'have this surgery' when both nutritionists and dietitians both believe a lot of health can be improved through diet. I agree!!!</div>
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Anyone who is aware of their body, How it reacts and all in relation to food must, in my opinion, be credited for the fact that they are paying attention to getting to the root cause of the issue and not just putting a sticking plaster over the issue.</div>
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A dietitian who I had previously had the utmost respect for (who I watch on YouTube) made a grave error when referring to nutritionists. She said as they are not regulated, they can say pretty much anything they like. Now, yes this is true I guess. Dietitians are regulated by the BDA in the UK and therefore have to play by certain rules. One of the 'rules' is tell folks not to skip breakfast. Yet many people believe fasting for several hours works for them.</div>
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How can that be? </div>
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Yes, it can be. If that is what the person believes, then likely that is what will make them feel better. </div>
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Can't go without a coffee in the morning? Likely you could, but you have the belief it will help. Yes, me too. So I enjoy that coffee without guilt of any type!</div>
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The truth is that the degree that both dietitians and nutritionists take is exactly the same course! Yes you heard me. It has the Same curriculum. Except, the dietitian course is one year longer as there is much hospital placement work. This is a truly valuable experience for those who are going to work in the NHS. This is with very sick people who often cannot swallow or digest food as opposed to someone like me who is Celiac and needs to watch certain food intakes due to allergy. Perhaps that is not the best example to use but I think you can see my thinking. </div>
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Many doctors will not believe in food intolerances. You try telling someone with a food intolerance that their thinking is total nonsense. Rubbish.</div>
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Where this left me was in a place of feeling worried and angry. Worried about writing about nutrition anymore. Angry because I felt my degree (which is crazy hard work) was being ridiculed.</div>
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I want to help people.</div>
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So do the dietitians.</div>
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As do those who believe eating loads of bananas will help, as do those who avoid meat, those who suggest paleo...the list goes on.</div>
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Surely, if you try one (any) of these methods and it works for you, the party poppers will come out?</div>
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I would love to keep passing on my knowledge and moreover I would love to install the belief in people that they can make a difference in their lives by taking more time and paying more attention to their bodies.</div>
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Should I throw in the towel?</div>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-5950326234679563002016-07-25T08:27:00.003-07:002016-07-25T08:27:46.608-07:00Is it all just too confusing now to know what to eat?<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When was the last time you ate something with total confidence?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You read so much from so many places and just when you think you might have cracked the code on the mystery that is 'healthy eating' you hear some new bit of research which tells you how wrong you have it.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I'm frustrated. I'm being honest.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For me, things are a little different as I have both crohns disease and celiac so of course I need to take those things into account. Yet as a nutritionist (the type without a degree - yet!) I find it's near on impossible to give the right advice to the entire audience.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A dietitian who I previously respected has published a rant about all the type of 'clean living' which is apparently a new fad. The BBC published <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCQFz89F5Vw" target="_blank">this show</a> about the dirty secrets of clean living. The blogger who hosted it was quite open about what she was trying and the advice she was getting from various fad diet gurus. After watching it, I had to agree with a lot of what she said, there is a lot of bad advice out there.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yet something that makes me really cross is how they portray us poor old 'nutritionists'. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There seems to be a war between the quackary of being a nutritionist and a dietitian who is one to be obeyed. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In fact, to set the record straight, we take the same degree qualification and the only difference is that Registered Nutritionists do not have to undertake hospital placements. Generally, once qualified and Registered with the Association for Nutrition, a Nutritionist will need to practice with as much credibility as a dietitian. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I started out my degree to become a dietitian. I changed my mind after 4 months as I realised that I would be tied to a 'one rule fits all'. Sadly, I had a bad experience with a dietitian and I'm sure this was an isolated incident. When I was first diagnosed with Crohns and fighting to keep my bowel in tact and not have it removed with surgery, the dietitian I saw at my hospital knew nothing about adjusting my diet in accordance with inflammatory bowel disease, nor did my gasteroenterologist beleive I could make improvements in my health by changing my diet.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"you can't control your symptoms without medication or surgery, or both." He said as I cried.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The dietitian advised me to eat from the Eatwell plate which I am sure would have left me in a state of needing the surgery.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I proved them wrong.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I won't go into my advice to you in this blog post. I simply want to point out that if you believe one way works for you, then it's likely it will. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">However, while we have spent two years studying hardcore science and about to get into the minefield of research to complete our degrees at university, I can't help but wonder if I'm trying to enter an industry that seems to love a bit of politics.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That worries me. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2486077109054154999.post-72367062444364218502016-06-30T02:38:00.000-07:002016-06-30T02:37:59.992-07:00<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xwSqd5cNL0I/V3TnS5757vI/AAAAAAAAVuo/vBZB2i7UpJ4zuzqLernTT5K6ZXX3rpGDQCLcB/s1600/resizelouiseusherbanner_jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="87" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xwSqd5cNL0I/V3TnS5757vI/AAAAAAAAVuo/vBZB2i7UpJ4zuzqLernTT5K6ZXX3rpGDQCLcB/s320/resizelouiseusherbanner_jpg.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">So guys, I just found this amazing tool for weight loss. Starting mid july, I am going on a health kick and pledge to lose 4% of my bodyweight in 4 weeks. Easy, about 6lb for me (different for everyone!)</span><br />
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Then you get back your pledge money plus a share of the pot! getting paid to lose weight sounds good to me. </div>
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I am determined as whatnots to get my bikini body back before a big event in November and it starts in three weeks time!</div>
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I will post a youtube video about this but meanwhile, see the link below for more information.</div>
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<a href="mailto:lifenutrition@virginmedia.com" target="_blank">Email me</a> if you have any questions!</div>
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Who else wants to feel more confident this summer? See this link for more information!</div>
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<a href="http://dbet.me/Ux5lBM">http://dbet.me/Ux5lBM</a></div>
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Louise Usherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01347686769799984956noreply@blogger.com0